Take stock of common vehicle braking methods
Among all the configurations of the vehicle, the braking system is the most basic security guarantee. Once the braking system fails, other high-end configurations can only become empty talk. As the saying goes, the judge of a car's performance is not how fast it can run, but whether it can stop smoothly and safely no matter how fast it runs.
There are many kinds of vehicle braking methods, in addition to you see more gas brake, oil brake, and line brake, gas brake, exhaust brake, electromagnetic brake, etc. Today, Darong bridge with you to take stock, those vehicles on the more common braking mode and its main characteristics.
1. Gas brake
Air brake refers to the compressed air as the medium of the brake system, generally composed of air compressor, brake valve, brake chamber, air storage cylinder, barometer, air pump, pressure spring, safety valve, brake pipeline and other components.
Principle:
Pneumatic drive is used to realize power braking.
Semi Trailer supplier says When the vehicle stops, the push rod in the brake chamber controls the brake in the braking state under the action of the spring force;
After the vehicle starts, the air pump runs, and when it reaches a certain pressure, the push rod in the brake chamber overcomes the spring force under the action of air pressure, the brake brake state is released, and the car can run;
When it is necessary to brake, the brake pedal controls the brake valve, allowing the pressure in the brake chamber to be released and the push rod to brake under the action of spring force.
Simply put, it is gas can walk the car, no gas can not walk the car.
Advantages:
The reaction speed of the air brake is fast, the braking force is strong, the size of the braking force output is only related to the size of the air pressure in the air reservoir and the opening degree of the valve, and has nothing to do with the strength of the step down. It is not easy to slide in the downhill road condition, full speed can stop quickly, and the sudden braking is not easy to roll over.
Disadvantages:
The structure of the air brake is relatively complex, the installation space is relatively large, in addition to the later maintenance and use is relatively complex, brake wear is obvious, frequent stepping of the brake pedal downhill will also lead to insufficient pressure, brake failure, some old cars need to idle for a period of time after parking, this problem is also difficult to solve.
Applicable model:
Mainly used in large trucks, large buses and other vehicles with higher load capacity.
2. Oil brake
Oil brake refers to the way of braking through the engine oil pump power, through the brake oil transmission braking force, to achieve vehicle deceleration or stop. It is generally composed of main pump, sub-pump, oil cup and connecting pipeline.
Principle:
Oil brake is the use of high density brake oil instead of steel wire. When the owner steps on the brake, the piston and seal bowl in the brake pump will be pushed by the brake pedal, the push rod plays a role, the brake oil is transmitted to the piston of each brake pump through the oil pipe, and then the friction plate and the brake drum produce friction, play the braking effect.
Advantages:
Simple structure, small volume, relatively small requirements for installation space, brake force output is soft, step on how much output, not easy to lock, ride comfort is higher, fewer components, maintenance is more convenient.
Disadvantages:
The reaction speed is slightly slow, the braking force is weak, and the oil brake system is designed with the oil circuit, which needs frequent maintenance. If the oil circuit is blocked or leaking oil, the maintenance cost will increase accordingly.
Applicable model:
Generally used in small vehicles, in recent years, there has been a trend to the development of medium vehicles, such as the truck with a load of 10t below, or 19 seats below the medium bus will also use the oil brake device.
3. Hydraulic brake
The braking force is transmitted through the braking liquid to promote the friction between the friction plate and the brake drum and play the braking role.
In principle, the hydraulic brake is the same as the oil brake. Many owners also call the hydraulic brake the oil brake. To be exact, the oil brake belongs to the hydraulic brake, but the brake oil is only one kind of brake liquid.
4, exhaust brake
Exhaust brake is also called exhaust brake, but also a user often consult a braking mode.
Principle:
In general, the exhaust brake valve is installed in the upper part of the engine exhaust pipe, in the long downhill, the owner opens the exhaust brake switch, the exhaust valve is closed to a certain extent, but not completely closed, according to the pressure in the exhaust pipe to adjust the opening degree, so that the engine piston in the exhaust stroke by gas reverse pressure, slow down the engine speed, brake effect.
Features:
Different from the air brake and the oil brake, the exhaust brake belongs to a kind of auxiliary braking, its role is to slow down the vehicle speed or maintain stability under the condition of no or less use of service brake device, can not achieve emergency stop.
Applicable model:
Exhaust brake is generally most used in freight vehicles, which belongs to a supplement of service brake.
5, the air brake
Although the dead brake sounds similar to the exhaust brake, they are completely different. Air brake is also called energy storage spring brake, which belongs to a kind of parking brake, which is a kind of handbrake system.
Principle:
The air brake is equivalent to a strong spring installed in the ordinary air brake pump, the spring is in a state of release when stopping, relying on a strong elastic force to push the brake push rod, so that the wheel is tightly braked by the brake, play the role of the hand brake;
When the handbrake is released, the compressed air enters the parking brake air chamber and pushes the piston to push the spring back, so that the spring releases the pressure on the brake push rod, and the brake is released;
When the owner needs to pull the brake again, the compressed air in the parking brake air chamber is released, the spring is released again, and the brake push rod is pushed to produce braking force.
Features:
As we all know, parking brake can only be used when the vehicle is stationary, because its braking torque is acting on the drive shaft. If it is used in the driving process, it is easy to cause serious overload on the drive shaft and rear axle, and may also cause the opposite rotation direction of the left and right wheels due to the differential housing being locked, causing the car to run off or turn around when braking.
The air brake is different, because the parking brake travel of the energy storage spring is greater than the service brake travel. In the case of insufficient service braking power, the energy storage spring can be used for emergency braking.
Therefore, the air brake brake system can not only be used for parking brake, but also for emergency braking.
Applicable model:
Most of them are used in the handbrake system of medium and large vehicles, such as large trucks, buses, buses. At present, some rear brake pump is also used to break the air brake.
6, electromagnetic brake
In the large tonnage truck or large bus, electromagnetic brake can be used as an auxiliary braking device, also known as eddy current retarder, its principle is to use the electromagnetic field generated resistance to slow down the vehicle driving, slow down the brake system wear.
In the trailer such as RV, electromagnetic brake mainly through the current control brake signal and braking strength, using the brake controller and the front car brake system connection, so that the front and rear car brake signal synchronization. The effect of electromagnetic brake is closely related to the controller, the poor controller is difficult to accurately adjust the brake intensity, even if adjusted after can not maintain, the need to adjust often.
Advantages:
The braking effect is more stable, and the braking intensity can be adjusted at any time to adapt to the braking ability of different front cars and different drivers' braking habits. The high-specification electric brake can even automatically increase or decrease the braking force according to the slope of the road based on the adjusted braking force to improve safety. There is also an emergency switch on the brake synchronizer to help the car in front stop if the brakes fail.
Disadvantages:
Complex structure, need to install brake synchronizer on the front car, long line connection, prone to problems.
7, line brake
Wire brake is a relatively simple mechanical brake in principle and structure. It is generally composed of wire disc, wire V and wire crane.
Principle:
The force of the metal brake line pulls the piston and pushes the brake pad to brake.
Advantages:
Simple structure, light weight, convenient installation and maintenance, relatively cheap price.
Disadvantages:
Installation need to consider the wiring problem, insufficient braking force, reaction, poor stability.
Applicable model:
Generally used for special conditions of small cars, such as agricultural machinery.
8, hit the brake
As the name implies, it refers to a way of braking through the impact between the tow and the vehicle in front.
Principle:
When the front car is in the braking state, the tow truck will produce a forward force due to inertia. At this time, the collapse mechanism at the connection between the tow truck and the front car is compressed, tightening the brake line and braking the wheels of the tow truck.
Because there is a hard link between the front car and the tow truck, there is no need to worry about the tow truck hitting the front car. Some bump-brakes work when the car behind is going faster than the car in front, some only work when the wheel is turning, and others only work when the car reaches a certain speed.
Advantages:
Simple and reliable, as long as attention to maintenance, the system itself out of the probability of problems is small.
Disadvantages:
Crash brake belongs to passive braking, the owner can not control the strength, climbing can not brake, in some extreme circumstances, such as driving too fast, bend the brake or reverse from the slope, there is a certain risk.
Applicable model:
More used for light weight trailer, generally under 1.5t.
These braking characteristics are different, as for which one is the safest, but also depends on the degree of matching with the model. For example, ordinary vehicles, oil brake is better, but medium and large transport vehicles are better gas brake. Owners in the choice of braking mode, but also from the model, comprehensive consideration of vehicle transportation conditions and use needs, after all, suitable for their own is the best.
Advantages:
The reaction speed of the air brake is fast, the braking force is strong, the size of the braking force output is only related to the size of the air pressure in the air reservoir and the opening degree of the valve, and has nothing to do with the strength of the step down. It is not easy to slide in the downhill road condition, full speed can stop quickly, and the sudden braking is not easy to roll over.
Disadvantages:
The structure of the air brake is relatively complex, the installation space is relatively large, in addition to the later maintenance and use is relatively complex, brake wear is obvious, frequent stepping of the brake pedal downhill will also lead to insufficient pressure, brake failure, some old cars need to idle for a period of time after parking, this problem is also difficult to solve.
Applicable model:
Mainly used in large trucks, large buses and other vehicles with higher load capacity.
2. Oil brake
Oil brake refers to the way of braking through the engine oil pump power, through the brake oil transmission braking force, to achieve vehicle deceleration or stop. It is generally composed of main pump, sub-pump, oil cup and connecting pipeline.
Principle:
Oil brake is the use of high density brake oil instead of steel wire. When the owner steps on the brake, the piston and seal bowl in the brake pump will be pushed by the brake pedal, the push rod plays a role, the brake oil is transmitted to the piston of each brake pump through the oil pipe, and then the friction plate and the brake drum produce friction, play the braking effect.
Advantages:
Simple structure, small volume, relatively small requirements for installation space, brake force output is soft, step on how much output, not easy to lock, ride comfort is higher, fewer components, maintenance is more convenient.
Disadvantages:
The reaction speed is slightly slow, the braking force is weak, and the oil brake system is designed with the oil circuit, which needs frequent maintenance. If the oil circuit is blocked or leaking oil, the maintenance cost will increase accordingly.
Applicable model:
Generally used in small vehicles, in recent years, there has been a trend to the development of medium vehicles, such as the truck with a load of 10t below, or 19 seats below the medium bus will also use the oil brake device.
3. Hydraulic brake
The braking force is transmitted through the braking liquid to promote the friction between the friction plate and the brake drum and play the braking role.
In principle, the hydraulic brake is the same as the oil brake. Many owners also call the hydraulic brake the oil brake. To be exact, the oil brake belongs to the hydraulic brake, but the brake oil is only one kind of brake liquid.
4, exhaust brake
Exhaust brake is also called exhaust brake, but also a user often consult a braking mode.
Principle:
In general, the exhaust brake valve is installed in the upper part of the engine exhaust pipe, in the long downhill, the owner opens the exhaust brake switch, the exhaust valve is closed to a certain extent, but not completely closed, according to the pressure in the exhaust pipe to adjust the opening degree, so that the engine piston in the exhaust stroke by gas reverse pressure, slow down the engine speed, brake effect.
Features:
Different from the air brake and the oil brake, the exhaust brake belongs to a kind of auxiliary braking, its role is to slow down the vehicle speed or maintain stability under the condition of no or less use of service brake device, can not achieve emergency stop.
Applicable model:
Exhaust brake is generally most used in freight vehicles, which belongs to a supplement of service brake.
5, the air brake
Although the dead brake sounds similar to the exhaust brake, they are completely different. Air brake is also called energy storage spring brake, which belongs to a kind of parking brake, which is a kind of handbrake system.
Principle:
The air brake is equivalent to a strong spring installed in the ordinary air brake pump, the spring is in a state of release when stopping, relying on a strong elastic force to push the brake push rod, so that the wheel is tightly braked by the brake, play the role of the hand brake;
When the handbrake is released, the compressed air enters the parking brake air chamber and pushes the piston to push the spring back, so that the spring releases the pressure on the brake push rod, and the brake is released;
When the owner needs to pull the brake again, the compressed air in the parking brake air chamber is released, the spring is released again, and the brake push rod is pushed to produce braking force.
Features:
As we all know, parking brake can only be used when the vehicle is stationary, because its braking torque is acting on the drive shaft. If it is used in the driving process, it is easy to cause serious overload on the drive shaft and rear axle, and may also cause the opposite rotation direction of the left and right wheels due to the differential housing being locked, causing the car to run off or turn around when braking.
The air brake is different, because the parking brake travel of the energy storage spring is greater than the service brake travel. In the case of insufficient service braking power, the energy storage spring can be used for emergency braking.
Therefore, the air brake brake system can not only be used for parking brake, but also for emergency braking.
Applicable model:
Most of them are used in the handbrake system of medium and large vehicles, such as large trucks, buses, buses. At present, some rear brake pump is also used to break the air brake.
6, electromagnetic brake
In the large tonnage truck or large bus, electromagnetic brake can be used as an auxiliary braking device, also known as eddy current retarder, its principle is to use the electromagnetic field generated resistance to slow down the vehicle driving, slow down the brake system wear.
In the trailer such as RV, electromagnetic brake mainly through the current control brake signal and braking strength, using the brake controller and the front car brake system connection, so that the front and rear car brake signal synchronization. The effect of electromagnetic brake is closely related to the controller, the poor controller is difficult to accurately adjust the brake intensity, even if adjusted after can not maintain, the need to adjust often.
Advantages:
The braking effect is more stable, and the braking intensity can be adjusted at any time to adapt to the braking ability of different front cars and different drivers' braking habits. The high-specification electric brake can even automatically increase or decrease the braking force according to the slope of the road based on the adjusted braking force to improve safety. There is also an emergency switch on the brake synchronizer to help the car in front stop if the brakes fail.
Disadvantages:
Complex structure, need to install brake synchronizer on the front car, long line connection, prone to problems.
7, line brake
Wire brake is a relatively simple mechanical brake in principle and structure. It is generally composed of wire disc, wire V and wire crane.
Principle:
The force of the metal brake line pulls the piston and pushes the brake pad to brake.
Advantages:
Simple structure, light weight, convenient installation and maintenance, relatively cheap price.
Disadvantages:
Installation need to consider the wiring problem, insufficient braking force, reaction, poor stability.
Applicable model:
Generally used for special conditions of small cars, such as agricultural machinery.
8, hit the brake
As the name implies, it refers to a way of braking through the impact between the tow and the vehicle in front.
Principle:
When the front car is in the braking state, the tow truck will produce a forward force due to inertia. At this time, the collapse mechanism at the connection between the tow truck and the front car is compressed, tightening the brake line and braking the wheels of the tow truck.
Because there is a hard link between the front car and the tow truck, there is no need to worry about the tow truck hitting the front car. Some bump-brakes work when the car behind is going faster than the car in front, some only work when the wheel is turning, and others only work when the car reaches a certain speed.
Advantages:
Simple and reliable, as long as attention to maintenance, the system itself out of the probability of problems is small.
Disadvantages:
Crash brake belongs to passive braking, the owner can not control the strength, climbing can not brake, in some extreme circumstances, such as driving too fast, bend the brake or reverse from the slope, there is a certain risk.
Applicable model:
More used for light weight trailer, generally under 1.5t.
These braking characteristics are different, as for which one is the safest, but also depends on the degree of matching with the model. For example, ordinary vehicles, oil brake is better, but medium and large transport vehicles are better gas brake. Owners in the choice of braking mode, but also from the model, comprehensive consideration of vehicle transportation conditions and use needs, after all, suitable for their own is the best.